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# uuid [](https://github.com/uuidjs/uuid/actions)
For the creation of [RFC4122](http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4122.txt) UUIDs
- **Complete** - Support for RFC4122 version 1, 3, 4, and 5 UUIDs
- **Cross-platform** - Support for ...
- CommonJS, [ECMAScript Modules](#ecmascript-modules) and UMD builds
- Node 8, 10, 12
- Chrome, Safari, Firefox, Edge, IE 11 browsers
- Webpack and rollup.js module bundlers
- [React Native](#react-native)
- **Secure** - Cryptographically-strong random values
- **Small** - Zero-dependency, small footprint, plays nice with "tree shaking" packagers
- **CLI** - Includes the [`uuid` command line](#command-line) utility
**Upgrading from uuid\@3?** Your code is probably okay, but check out [Upgrading
From uuid\@3](#upgrading-from-uuid3) for details.
## Quickstart - Node.js/CommonJS
```shell
npm install uuid
```
Once installed, decide which type of UUID you need. RFC4122 provides for four
versions, all of which are supported here. In order of popularity, they are:
- Version 4 (random) - Created from cryptographically-strong random values
- Version 1 (timestamp) - Created from the system clock (plus random values)
- Version 5 (namespace, SHA-1) - Created from user-supplied name and namespace strings
- Version 3 (namespace, MD5) - Like version 5, above, but with a poorer hash algorithm
**Unsure which one to use?** Use version 4 (random) unless you have a specific need for one of the other versions. See also [this FAQ](https://github.com/tc39/proposal-uuid#faq).
### Create Version 4 (Random) UUIDs
```javascript
import { v4 as uuidv4 } from 'uuid';
uuidv4(); // ⇨ '9b1deb4d-3b7d-4bad-9bdd-2b0d7b3dcb6d'
```
### Create Version 1 (Timestamp) UUIDs
```javascript
import { v1 as uuidv1 } from 'uuid';
uuidv1(); // ⇨ '2c5ea4c0-4067-11e9-8b2d-1b9d6bcdbbfd'
```
### Create Version 3 or Version 5 (Namespace) UUIDs
⚠️ Version 3 and Version 5 UUIDs are basically the same, differing
only in the underlying hash algorithm. Note that per the RFC, "_If backward
compatibility is not an issue, SHA-1 [Version 5] is preferred_."
⚠️ If using a custom namespace **be sure to generate your own
namespace UUID**. You can grab one [here](https://www.uuidgenerator.net/).
```javascript
import { v5 as uuidv5 } from 'uuid'; // For version 5
import { v3 as uuidv3 } from 'uuid'; // For version 3
// Using predefined DNS namespace (for domain names)
uuidv5('hello.example.com', uuidv5.DNS); // ⇨ 'fdda765f-fc57-5604-a269-52a7df8164ec'
uuidv3('hello.example.com', uuidv3.DNS); // ⇨ '9125a8dc-52ee-365b-a5aa-81b0b3681cf6'
// Using predefined URL namespace (for URLs)
uuidv5('http://example.com/hello', uuidv5.URL); // ⇨ '3bbcee75-cecc-5b56-8031-b6641c1ed1f1'
uuidv3('http://example.com/hello', uuidv3.URL); // ⇨ 'c6235813-3ba4-3801-ae84-e0a6ebb7d138'
// Using a custom namespace (See note, above, about generating your own
// namespace UUID)
const MY_NAMESPACE = '1b671a64-40d5-491e-99b0-da01ff1f3341';
uuidv5('Hello, World!', MY_NAMESPACE); // ⇨ '630eb68f-e0fa-5ecc-887a-7c7a62614681'
uuidv3('Hello, World!', MY_NAMESPACE); // ⇨ 'e8b5a51d-11c8-3310-a6ab-367563f20686'
```
## API
### Version 4 (Random)
```javascript
import { v4 as uuidv4 } from 'uuid';
// Incantations
uuidv4();
uuidv4(options);
uuidv4(options, buffer, offset);
```
Generate and return a RFC4122 version 4 UUID.
- `options` - (Object) Optional uuid state to apply. Properties may include:
- `random` - (Number[16]) Array of 16 numbers (0-255) to use in place of randomly generated values. Takes precedence over `options.rng`.
- `rng` - (Function) Random # generator function that returns an Array[16] of byte values (0-255). Alternative to `options.random`.
- `buffer` - (Array | Buffer) Array or buffer where UUID bytes are to be written.
- `offset` - (Number) Starting index in `buffer` at which to begin writing.
Returns `buffer`, if specified, otherwise the string form of the UUID
Example: Generate string UUID with predefined `random` values
```javascript
const v4options = {
random: [
0x10,
0x91,
0x56,
0xbe,
0xc4,
0xfb,
0xc1,
0xea,
0x71,
0xb4,
0xef,
0xe1,
0x67,
0x1c,
0x58,
0x36,
],
};
uuidv4(v4options); // ⇨ '109156be-c4fb-41ea-b1b4-efe1671c5836'
```
Example: Generate two IDs in a single buffer
```javascript
const buffer = new Array();
uuidv4(null, buffer, 0); // ⇨
// [
// 155, 29, 235, 77, 59,
// 125, 75, 173, 155, 221,
// 43, 13, 123, 61, 203,
// 109
// ]
uuidv4(null, buffer, 16); // ⇨
// [
// 155, 29, 235, 77, 59, 125, 75, 173,
// 155, 221, 43, 13, 123, 61, 203, 109,
// 27, 157, 107, 205, 187, 253, 75, 45,
// 155, 93, 171, 141, 251, 189, 75, 237
// ]
```
### Version 1 (Timestamp)
```javascript
import { v1 as uuidv1 } from 'uuid';
// Incantations
uuidv1();
uuidv1(options);
uuidv1(options, buffer, offset);
```
Generate and return a RFC4122 version 1 (timestamp) UUID.
- `options` - (Object) Optional uuid state to apply. Properties may include:
- `node` - (Array) Node id as Array of 6 bytes (per 4.1.6). Default: Randomly generated ID. See note 1.
- `clockseq` - (Number between 0 - 0x3fff) RFC clock sequence. Default: An internally maintained clockseq is used.
- `msecs` - (Number) Time in milliseconds since unix Epoch. Default: The current time is used.
- `nsecs` - (Number between 0-9999) additional time, in 100-nanosecond units. Ignored if `msecs` is unspecified. Default: internal uuid counter is used, as per 4.2.1.2.
- `random` - (Number[16]) Array of 16 numbers (0-255) to use for initialization of `node` and `clockseq` as described above. Takes precedence over `options.rng`.
- `rng` - (Function) Random # generator function that returns an Array[16] of byte values (0-255). Alternative to `options.random`.
- `buffer` - (Array | Buffer) Array or buffer where UUID bytes are to be written.
- `offset` - (Number) Starting index in `buffer` at which to begin writing.
Returns `buffer`, if specified, otherwise the string form of the UUID
Note: The default [node id](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4122#section-4.1.6) (the last 12 digits in the UUID) is generated once, randomly, on process startup, and then remains unchanged for the duration of the process.
Example: Generate string UUID with fully-specified options
```javascript
const v1options = {
node: [0x01, 0x23, 0x45, 0x67, 0x89, 0xab],
clockseq: 0x1234,
msecs: new Date('2011-11-01').getTime(),
nsecs: 5678,
};
uuidv1(v1options); // ⇨ '710b962e-041c-11e1-9234-0123456789ab'
```
Example: In-place generation of two binary IDs
```javascript
// Generate two ids in an array
const arr = new Array();
uuidv1(null, arr, 0); // ⇨
// [
// 44, 94, 164, 192, 64,
// 103, 17, 233, 146, 52,
// 27, 157, 107, 205, 187,
// 253
// ]
uuidv1(null, arr, 16); // ⇨
// [
// 44, 94, 164, 192, 64, 103, 17, 233,
// 146, 52, 27, 157, 107, 205, 187, 253,
// 44, 94, 164, 193, 64, 103, 17, 233,
// 146, 52, 27, 157, 107, 205, 187, 253
// ]
```
### Version 5 (Namespace)
```javascript
import { v5 as uuidv5 } from 'uuid';
// Incantations
uuidv5(name, namespace);
uuidv5(name, namespace, buffer);
uuidv5(name, namespace, buffer, offset);
```
Generate and return a RFC4122 version 5 UUID.
- `name` - (String | Array[]) "name" to create UUID with
- `namespace` - (String | Array[]) "namespace" UUID either as a String or Array[16] of byte values
- `buffer` - (Array | Buffer) Array or buffer where UUID bytes are to be written.
- `offset` - (Number) Starting index in `buffer` at which to begin writing. Default = 0
Returns `buffer`, if specified, otherwise the string form of the UUID
Example:
```javascript
uuidv5('hello world', MY_NAMESPACE); // ⇨ '9f282611-e0fd-5650-8953-89c8e342da0b'
```
### Version 3 (Namespace)
⚠️ Note: Per the RFC, "_If backward compatibility is not an issue, SHA-1 [Version 5] is preferred_."
```javascript
import { v3 as uuidv3 } from 'uuid';
// Incantations
uuidv3(name, namespace);
uuidv3(name, namespace, buffer);
uuidv3(name, namespace, buffer, offset);
```
Generate and return a RFC4122 version 3 UUID.
- `name` - (String | Array[]) "name" to create UUID with
- `namespace` - (String | Array[]) "namespace" UUID either as a String or Array[16] of byte values
- `buffer` - (Array | Buffer) Array or buffer where UUID bytes are to be written.
- `offset` - (Number) Starting index in `buffer` at which to begin writing. Default = 0
Returns `buffer`, if specified, otherwise the string form of the UUID
Example:
```javascript
uuidv3('hello world', MY_NAMESPACE); // ⇨ '042ffd34-d989-321c-ad06-f60826172424'
```
## Command Line
UUIDs can be generated from the command line using `uuid`.
```shell
$ uuid
ddeb27fb-d9a0-4624-be4d-4615062daed4
```
The default is to generate version 4 UUIDS, however the other versions are supported. Type `uuid --help` for details:
```
$ uuid --help
Usage:
uuid
uuid v1
uuid v3 <name> <namespace uuid>
uuid v4
uuid v5 <name> <namespace uuid>
uuid --help
Note: <namespace uuid> may be "URL" or "DNS" to use the corresponding UUIDs
defined by RFC4122
```
## ECMAScript Modules
For usage in the browser `uuid` provides support for [ECMAScript
Modules](https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-modules) (ESM) that enable
tree-shaking for bundlers, like [rollup.js](https://rollupjs.org/guide/en/#tree-shaking)
([example](./examples/browser-rollup/)) and [webpack](https://webpack.js.org/guides/tree-shaking/)
([example](./examples/browser-webpack/)).
```javascript
import { v4 as uuidv4 } from 'uuid';
uuidv4(); // ⇨ '1b9d6bcd-bbfd-4b2d-9b5d-ab8dfbbd4bed'
```
There is experimental native ESM support for [the browser](./examples/browser-esmodules/) but it
should not be considered ready for production use and may change or disappear in future releases.
To run the examples you must first create a dist build of this library in the module root:
```
npm run build
```
## UMD Builds
If you want to load a minified UMD build directly in the browser you can use one of the popular npm
CDNs:
```html
<script src="https://unpkg.com/uuid@latest/dist/umd/uuidv4.min.js"></script>
<script>
alert(uuidv4());
</script>
```
or
```html
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/uuid@latest/dist/umd/uuidv4.min.js"></script>
<script>
alert(uuidv4());
</script>
```
Available bundles:
- https://unpkg.com/uuid@latest/dist/umd/
- https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/uuid@latest/dist/umd/
## "getRandomValues() not supported"
This error occurs in environments where the standard
[`crypto.getRandomValues()`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Crypto/getRandomValues)
API is not supported. This issue can be resolved by adding an appropriate polyfill:
### React Native
1. Install [`react-native-get-random-values`](https://github.com/LinusU/react-native-get-random-values#readme)
1. Import it before `uuid`:
```javascript
import 'react-native-get-random-values';
import { v4 as uuidv4 } from 'uuid';
```
### Web Workers / Service Workers (Edge <= 18)
[In Edge <= 18, Web Crypto is not supported in Web Workers or Service
Workers](https://caniuse.com/#feat=cryptography) and we are not aware of a polyfill (let us know if
you find one, please).
## Upgrading From uuid\@3
"_Wait... what happened to uuid\@4 - uuid\@6?!?_"
In order to avoid confusion with RFC [version 4](#version-4-random) and [version
5](#version-5-namespace) UUIDs, and a possible [version
6](http://gh.peabody.io/uuidv6/), releases 4 thru 6 of this module have been
skipped. Hence, how we're now at uuid\@7.
### Deep Requires Now Deprecated
uuid\@3 encouraged the use of deep requires to minimize the bundle size of
browser builds:
```javascript
const uuidv4 = require('uuid/v4'); // <== NOW DEPRECATED!
uuidv4();
```
As of uuid\@7 this library now provides ECMAScript modules builds, which allow
packagers like Webpack and Rollup to do "tree-shaking" to remove dead code.
Instead, use the `import` syntax:
```javascript
import { v4 as uuidv4 } from 'uuid';
uuidv4();
```
... or for CommonJS:
```javascript
const { v4: uuidv4 } = require('uuid');
uuidv4();
```
### Default Export Removed
uuid\@3 was exporting the Version 4 UUID method as a default export:
```javascript
const uuid = require('uuid'); // <== REMOVED!
```
This usage pattern was already discouraged in uuid\@3 and has been removed in uuid\@7.
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